NOx underestimation in CMAQ (v5.5)

Hello,

I have a problem with the NOx concentration in the CMAQ simulation.

When I simulated the CMAQ, the NOx concentration was significantly underestimated.

Initially, I thought the emission might be the problem, but other teams using the same emission didn’t show this much deviation. Compared to that, ozone concentration is unusually high.

I read a paper describing a CMAQ problem related to vertical dilution, which can exaggerate it to reduce NOx concentration. might it be the case?

CMAQ version is 5.5, compiled with intel Fortran oneAPI.

Thank you.